SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide, also known as MTP-131, developed by Stealth BioTherapeutics and marketed as Elamipretide and Bendavia.
It is designed to target mitochondria by binding to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This interaction promotes cytochrome c’s role as an electron carrier, supporting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and maintaining efficient cellular energy generation.
SS-31 may also inhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a process linked to neuronal cell death, suggesting potential cognitive benefits. Additionally, studies show it can reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, acting as a potent antioxidant—possibly by activating autophagy, a key cellular recycling mechanism that helps limit oxidative stress.
